--- title: "JRC/IEA report on GHG emissions worldwide; includes LULUCF data through 2025" sdDatePublished: "2026-09-09T16:55:00Z" source: "https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/booklet/GHG_emissions_of_all_world_countries_booklet_2026report.pdf" topics: - name: "environmental pollution" identifier: "medtop:20000424" - name: "climate change" identifier: "medtop:20000418" - name: "scientific publication" identifier: "medtop:20000740" locations: - "Portugal" - "France" - "Spain" - "South Korea" - "Italy" - "China" - "Japan" - "United States" - "Russia" - "Iran" - "Saudi Arabia" - "Poland" - "Brazil" - "India" - "Australia" - "Mexico" - "Canada" - "Germany" - "Turkey" - "Indonesia" --- JRC/IEA report on GHG emissions worldwide; includes LULUCF data through 2025 2026 Report Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Ciarlantini, S., Muntean, M., Amici, L., Luini, C., Honavar Melo Pires, R., Quadrelli, R., Carvalho, P., Ruiz Ponsoda, D., Andrews, S., Köykkä, J., Grassi, G., Rossi, S., Melo, J., Branco, A., Suárez-Moreno, M., Sedano, F., Manca, G., Pisoni, E., Pekar, F. JRC/IEA REPORT GHG EMISSIONS OF ALL WORLD COUNTRIES Joint Research Centre This document is a publication by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy Email: JRC-EDGAR@ec.europa.eu Joint Research Centre https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu JRC147815 EUR 40827 Print ISBN 978-92-68-42720-0 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2760/8376014 KJ-01-26-358-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-68-42719-4 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/7717504 KJ-01-26-358-EN-N Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2026 © European Union, 2026 The reuse policy of the European Commission documents is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Unless otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the European Union permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. How to cite this report: Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Ciarlantini, S. et al., GHG emissions of all world countries - 2026 Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2026, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/7717504, JRC147815. Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Authors ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Executive summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Policy context ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Key conclusions ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Main findings .................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Quick guide ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 2. Global GHG emissions from 1970 to 2025 ................................................................................................................. 17 3. Global GHG emissions from LULUCF from 1990 to 2025 .................................................................................. 25 4. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 31 List of abbreviations and definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 43 List of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 List of tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Annex 1. Bottom-up methodology for global GHG emissions compilation ................................................ 47 Annex 2. Methodology for the estimation of emissions from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Annex 3. Methodology for the estimation of emissions from large scale biomass burning ........... 67 Annex 4. Content of country fact sheet ......................................................................................................................... 70 Annex 5. GHG emissions for the world, international transport and the EU27 ....................................... 72 Annex 6. GHG emissions by country ................................................................................................................................. 77 Annex 7. GHG emissions and removals from LULUCF sector by macro-regions ................................. 286 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 297 1 Abstract The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) provides greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions time series for all countries and for all an- thropogenic sectors from 1970 until 2025, including emissions and removals from land use and forestry – LULUCF (from 1990 to 2025). The edition of this year shows that global GHG emissions reached 54.1 Gt CO2eq in 2025, increas- ing by 0.7% compared to 2024 (or 55.0 Gt CO2eq including LULUCF, +0.9%). The report contributes to the Paris Agreement process with an independent quantitative overview of global GHG emissions, based on the IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version EDGAR_2026_GHG (2026). 2 Acknowledgements This booklet was produced with input from many colleagues, gathered over several years. The International Energy Agency (IEA) energy use statistics and the corresponding CO2 emissions are fundamental to the EDGAR database and the authors would like to thank the IEA for the long-standing collaboration. The authors are grateful to the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Climate Action (DG CLIMA) (V. Pollard, R. Lake, J. Genet, C. Lilburn, S. San- tacroce, J. Salay) for their reviews and guidance. The authors would also like to thank the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) (F. Tubiello), United States Geological Survey (USGS) (R. Schulte, JR. MacGregor, A. S. Brioche, A. Hatfield), the International Fertiliser Association (IFA) (L. Cross, J. de Sousa), the World Steel Association, the Energy Institute (EI), and the Global Flaring and Methane Reduction Partnership (GFMR), the Payne Institute at the Colo- rado School of Mines and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- istration (NOAA), for the provision of data. An extra thank to Paul Dowling (JRC, Unit C.6) for his thorough review and proofreading. Authors Crippa, M., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit C.5, Ispra, Italy Guizzardi, D., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit C.5, Ispra, Italy Pagani, F., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit C.5, Ispra, Italy Banja, M., Unisystems, S. A. Milan, Italy Ciarlantini, S., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit C.5, Ispra, Italy Muntean, M., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit C.5, Ispra, Italy Amici, L., Unisystems, S. A. Milan, Italy Luini, C., Fincons SPA, Vimercate, Italy Honavar Melo Pires, R., Unisystems, S. A. Milan, Italy Quadrelli, R., International Energy Agency, Paris, France Carvalho, P., International Energy Agency, Paris, France Ruiz Ponsoda, D., International Energy Agency, Paris, France Andrews, S., International Energy Agency, Paris, France 3 Köykkä, J., International Energy Agency, Paris, France Grassi, G., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit D.1, Ispra, Italy Rossi, S., ARCADIA SIT s.r.l, Vigevano (PV), Italy Brandao De Melo, J., Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit D.1, Ispra, Italy Branco, A., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit E.1, Ispra, Italy Suárez-Moreno, M., ARCADIA SIT s.r.l, Vigevano (PV), Italy Sedano, F., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit E.1, Ispra, Italy Manca, G., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit C.5, Ispra, Italy Pisoni, E., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit C.5, Ispra, Italy Pekar, F., EC, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit C.5, Ispra, Italy 4 Executive summary Policy context Most countries around the world are preparing plans and implementing ac- tions to tackle climate change. At the global level, about 107 countries, cover- ing in total around 82% of current global GHG emissions as of June 2024, had adopted net-zero pledges either in law or in other policy documents1. The Paris Agreement requires each of its Parties to prepare, communicate and maintain successive Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) that are in- tended to achieve its targets. NDCs embody efforts by each country to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. The next round of NDCs, with a horizon to 2035, is due to be adopted by all parties in 2030. Progress in terms of quality and economic coverage is already evident in the 2025 NDCs Synthesis Report2. Moreover, under the transparency framework of the Paris Agreement, all Par- ties must report bottom-up inventories of national greenhouse gas emissions and track progress towards the implementation and achievement of their NDCs. This reporting is to be contained in Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs); Parties may submit their inventory reports as part of the BTR or sepa- rately, and Annex I Parties3 mu